MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Thermally Modified Timber, various species (19mm, 21mm, 25mm, 32mm)

Millwork
organic › Timber › Millwork
organictimbermillworkthermally-modifiedthermowoodheat-treatedchemical-freeabodo-vulcanlunawoodthermoryclass-1-durabilityclass-2-durabilitydimensional-stabilityimproved-insulationcladdingscreeningfsc-certified
ATLAS CODE
ORG-TBR-MW-004
Thermally Modified Timber, various species (19mm, 21mm, 25mm, 32mm)
Category organic
Material Family Timber
Regulatory Status Combustible
Density
350-550 kg/m3
Carbon (A1-A5)
100-400 (before biogenic offset) kg CO2-eq/m3
Fire Class
Combustible
Lifespan
30-50+ years
Description

Thermally modified timber (TMT) undergoes controlled high-temperature treatment (190-230 degC for Thermo-D class) in the absence of oxygen, using only heat and steam to fundamentally alter the wood's cellular structure. The process degrades hemicellulose — the cell wall component most responsible for moisture absorption — reducing equilibrium moisture content to 4-6% and delivering significantly improved dimensional stability and Class 1-2 durability (EN 350). No chemicals are used. Available species include Radiata Pine (Abodo Vulcan), Nordic Pine/Spruce (Lunawood, Thermory), and American White Ash (Burnt Ash). The process reduces mechanical strength by 10-30% and increases brittleness, but the trade-off delivers enhanced decay resistance, improved insulation (thermal conductivity reduced 20-25%), and a consistent dark brown colour across all boards.

Primary Sectors
[Residential][Commercial]
Typical Uses
  • External cladding and facade systems
  • Window and door components
  • Decking and outdoor structures
  • Interior millwork and paneling
  • Bathroom and wet area applications
  • Garden and landscape architecture
  • Screening and privacy battens
  • Commercial and residential millwork
Recycled Content 0
Renewable Content 100
Recyclability 95-100
Embodied Carbon 100-400 (before biogenic offset) kg CO2-eq/m3
Embodied Energy 600-1200 MJ/m3
EPD Available Yes
Advantages
100% chemical-free — only heat and steam, no toxic treatmentsClass 1-2 durability (EN 350) from plantation softwood baseSignificantly improved dimensional stability — EMC reduced to 4-6%Enhanced natural decay and insect resistance20-25% reduction in thermal conductivity — improved insulationConsistent darker brown colour throughout the boardMaintains natural timber workability (with pre-drilling)Multiple species and brands available in AustraliaFSC-certified plantation timber sources (Abodo, Lunawood)Abodo Vulcan: H3 LOSP termite treated for Australian conditions
Cautions
Reduced mechanical strength — MOR decreases 10-50%, impact strength significantly reducedIncreased brittleness — pre-drilling mandatory, care with impact toolsNOT suitable for structural/load-bearing applicationsChecking and surface cracking can occur (especially in exposed applications)Greys/silvers when exposed to UV (like all timber) — requires coating or acceptanceImported products — Abodo from NZ, Lunawood from Finland, Thermory from EstoniaPremium pricing over untreated timber ($130-250+ AUD/m2)Softwood base species — lower hardness than Australian hardwoods
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES ORG-TBR-MW-004
Density (Dry) 350-550 kg/m3
Specific Gravity 0.35-0.55
Porosity 4-6 (EMC) %
Water Absorption 4-6 (EMC) %
Hardness 2.5-6.0 kN
UV Resistance Moderate (requires coating for colour retention)
Chemical Resistance Good
pH Tolerance 4-8 pH
Available Colors
Rich dark brown (Thermo-D treatment, fresh colour)Warm medium brown (lighter treatment temperatures)Silver-grey (naturally weathered, develops over 6-12 months uncoated)Controlled grey with SiOO:X coatingAccepts all standard timber stains, oils, and paints
Surface Finishes
SiOO:X Wood Protection — recommended for controlled greying (10-15 year life)Abodo Protector and Patina coating systemsCUTEK CD50 and colourtone oilsUncoated — will grey naturally (aesthetically intentional for many projects)Opaque paint systems (last longer on TMT due to dimensional stability)
Texture Options
Dressed/planed smooth (Standard Series)Brushed finish (Architectural Series — reveals grain depth)Sawn face (rustic aesthetic)Structured face
Pattern Options
Shiplap and channel cladding (Abodo Vulcan, Lunawood)Vertical grain cladding (Abodo Vulcan Architectural Series)Board-on-board claddingScreening battens (square and rectangular profiles)Custom milled profiles
Compressive Strength 20-45 MPa
Tensile Strength 30-70 MPa
Flexural Strength 25-45 MPa
Elastic Modulus 8-13 GPa
Impact Resistance 10-35 J/m
Creep Resistance Good (non-structural applications only)
Abrasion Resistance Moderate
Thermal Conductivity 0.06-0.10 W/mK
Thermal Resistance 0.20-0.42 (thickness dependent) m2K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 1200-1700 J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 0.003-0.005 mm/mK
Ignition Temperature 300-420 degC
Sound Transmission Class (STC) 18-25 STC
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) 0.10-0.20 NRC
Optical
Light Transmittance 0 %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 10-30 (colour state dependent) %

Modern thermal modification of timber was developed in Finland in the 1990s by VTT Technical Research Centre, leading to the commercial ThermoWood process. The technique was patented and production began at scale in the early 2000s. The International ThermoWood Association (ITWA) was established to standardise the process and quality requirements. The technology expanded across Europe (Thermory in Estonia, Lunawood in Finland, Stora Enso) before reaching Australasia. Abodo Wood (New Zealand) adapted thermal modification for Radiata Pine, creating the Vulcan product range specifically for the Australian and New Zealand markets. The process has roots in traditional charring and smoking techniques used for centuries, but the controlled industrial process delivers far more consistent and predictable results. Australian adoption has accelerated since 2015 with multiple distributors establishing supply chains.

SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION ORG-TBR-MW-004
Flame Spread Index 90-200 FSI
Smoke Developed Index 150-300 SDI
Combustibility Class Combustible
Ignition Temperature 300-420 degC
Fire Resistance Rating Not currently BAL-29 rated (softwood base) minutes
Heat Release Rate 150-300 kW/m2
Toxicity of Combustion Low
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 100-400 (before biogenic offset) kg CO2-eq/m3
Embodied Energy 600-1200 MJ/m3
Water Footprint 40-120 L/kg
EPD Available Yes
Recycled Content 0%
Renewable Content 100%
LEED Points 4-7 points
Circular Economy Score 8.5 /10
VOC Emissions <10 ug/m3
Skill Level Qualified carpenter with TMT awareness
Crew Size 2-3 people
Installation Time 2-4 hours/10m2
Curing Time 0 hours
Temperature Range 5-35 degC
Humidity Range 20-90 % RH
Required Tools
Sharp carbide-tipped cutting tools (dull tools increase splitting risk)Pre-drilling equipment — MANDATORY for all fixingsStainless steel screws with countersunk heads (recommended for exterior)Low-threaded screws to reduce splitting riskAvoid impact tools — material is brittleDust extraction system (standard timber dust precautions)Touch-up coating for cut ends
Certifications Required
Carpentry trade certificate (CPC30220 or equivalent)Working at Heights (for cladding installation)No TMT-specific certification required, but awareness training recommended
Weather Limitations
Standard construction weather conditionsProtect stored material from rain (good practice but TMT tolerates moisture better than untreated)Can be installed in wider weather window than untreated timber due to low moisture sensitivity
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY ORG-TBR-MW-004
Material Cost 130-250 AUD/m2
Installation Cost 35-65 AUD/m2
Annual Maintenance 1-3 AUD/m2/year
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) 160-350 AUD/m2
Market Availability Good — multiple brands and national distribution
Lead Time 14-56 days
Supply & Logistics
MOQ Project-dependent
Design Life 30-50+ years
Warranty Period 15-50 years
Maintenance Interval 5-15 years
Service Temp Range -15 to 65 degC
Dimensional Stability 0.5-1.5 % change
Certifications Held
ThermoWood certification — ITWA quality standardsFSC Chain of Custody (Abodo, Lunawood)AS 5604 — Timber durability classification (Abodo Vulcan: Class 2 above ground)FSC certification — Abodo (FSC-certified Radiata Pine), Lunawood (certified Nordic timber)ThermoWood EPD available from ITWA membersChemical-free modification processChemical-free modification — no biocides or harmful chemicalsFSC certification — sustainably sourced plantation timber
Fire Code Compliance
NCC — Combustible material, timber cladding provisions applyAS 3959 — TMT softwoods NOT currently listed in Appendix F for BAL-29Abodo Vulcan: BAL-29 testing in progress (expected 2026)Can be combined with fire-retardant treatments for improved ratings
Standards Compliance
NCC 2022 Volume 1 & 2 — Compliant as external cladding (combustible material provisions)NCC Part 3.5.4 / Part 7.5 — Timber wall claddingAS 1684 — Residential timber-framed constructionAbodo Vulcan: H3 LOSP treated, termite resistant per Australian standardsASTM E84 — Surface burning characteristicsASTM D2017 — Natural decay resistanceISO 21930 — Environmental product declarationsISO 14040/14044 — Lifecycle assessmentEN 350 — Natural durability (Class 1-2 depending on product)EN 113 — Wood preservatives (durability testing method)EN 14915 — Solid wood panelling and cladding

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: ORG-TBR-MW-004 Schema: v3.0