MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Nickel Alloy Component

Non-Ferrous Metals
mineral › Metallic › Non-Ferrous Metals
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ATLAS CODE
MIN-MET-NF-012
Nickel Alloy Component
Category mineral
Material Family Metallic
Regulatory Status A1 (Non-combustible)
Density
8700-8800 kg/m3
Carbon (A1-A5)
6.5-12 kg CO2-eq/kg
Fire Class
A1 (Non-combustible)
Lifespan
50-150+ years
Description

Nickel alloy components in architecture encompass several distinct material families: Monel alloys (Ni-Cu, typically 67% Ni / 30% Cu) for marine-grade hardware, fasteners, and roofing in extreme corrosion environments; nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn, typically 60% Cu / 20% Ni / 20% Zn, also called German silver) for decorative hardware, handrails, elevator doors, and ornamental metalwork; and nickel plating (electroplated or electroless nickel-phosphorus) as a durable corrosion-resistant finish on steel and brass substrates. Monel 400 offers superior corrosion resistance to stainless steel in marine and chemical environments, with tensile strength 480-620 MPa, density 8,800 kg/m3, and service temperature to 600 degC. Nickel silver provides a silver-white appearance without using actual silver, with moderate to high strength (359-641 MPa) and excellent tarnish resistance. All nickel alloys are non-combustible, recyclable, and offer exceptional durability in aggressive environments. Primary architectural use in Australia centres on coastal and marine building hardware, heritage restoration of Art Deco metalwork, and high-specification fastening systems.

Typical Uses
  • Marine-grade hardware and fasteners
  • Brushed/satin nickel door and cabinet hardware
  • Heritage Art Deco restoration
  • Chemical-resistant components
Recycled Content 30-60
Renewable Content 0
Recyclability 100
Embodied Carbon 6.5-12 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 120-200 MJ/kg
EPD Available No
Advantages
Superior corrosion resistance to stainless steel in marine/chemical environments (Monel)Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environmentsSilver-white appearance without precious metal cost (nickel silver)Non-magnetic — important for sensitive equipment and compass-critical marine applicationsHigh strength maintained across wide temperature range (-200 to +600 degC)Non-combustible with very high melting points100% recyclable with established recycling infrastructureLow coefficient of thermal expansion (Monel) — better dimensional stability than austenitic stainlessHeritage authenticity — correct material for Art Deco restoration
Cautions
Very high material cost — Monel 3-5x price of stainless steelNickel allergenicity — contact dermatitis affects ~10-20% of population (relevant for touchable hardware)Limited Australian supply — specialist import for most nickel alloy productsDifficult to machine compared to brass or aluminium (Monel work-hardens rapidly)Nickel mining has significant environmental impactNickel silver less corrosion-resistant than Monel or stainless steel — unsuitable for immersion in waterHigh embodied energy due to energy-intensive nickel refining
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES MIN-MET-NF-012
Density (Dry) 8700-8800 kg/m3
Specific Gravity 8.80
Porosity 0 %
Water Absorption 0 %
Hardness 3.5-4 Mohs
Surface Roughness 0.05-1.6 um
UV Resistance Excellent
Chemical Resistance Exceptional (Monel) / Good (Nickel Silver)
pH Tolerance 1-14 (Monel) pH
Available Colors
Natural Monel (warm grey, slightly darker than stainless steel)Polished nickel silver (bright silver-white, resembles sterling silver)Brushed nickel (satin silver-grey, most common modern hardware finish)Satin nickel (soft lustre silver, electroplated or PVD)Aged/antique nickel (darkened silver with wear highlights)Gunmetal nickel (dark grey PVD on nickel base)
Surface Finishes
Mirror polished (high reflectivity)Satin/brushed (directional grain — dominant modern hardware finish)Electroplated nickel (bright or satin, on brass/steel substrate)Electroless nickel-phosphorus (uniform, excellent wear resistance)PVD satin nickel (extremely durable, 15-25 year finish life)Lacquered (clear coat to retard tarnishing on nickel silver)
Texture Options
Mirror polished (bright silver-white, nickel silver)Satin/brushed (directional grain, most popular modern finish)Bead-blasted (uniform matte)Cast texture (heritage reproduction)
Pattern Options
Cast decorative patterns (Art Deco motifs, geometric designs — heritage restoration)Etched patterns (chemical or laser etching on nickel silver)Knurled/textured grips (hardware handles)
Compressive Strength 480-830 MPa
Tensile Strength 480-830 MPa
Flexural Strength 480-830 MPa
Shear Strength 290-370 MPa
Elastic Modulus 179 GPa
Yield Strength 170-690 MPa
Impact Resistance 40-80 J
Bearing Capacity N/A kPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
Creep Resistance Good
Abrasion Resistance Good-Excellent
Thermal Conductivity 21.8 W/mK
Thermal Resistance N/A m2K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 427 J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 0.0139 mm/m/degC
Melting Point 1060-1350 degC
Ignition Temperature N/A (non-combustible) degC
Sound Transmission Class (STC) N/A
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) N/A
Optical
Light Transmittance 0 %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 45-70 %
Solar Reflectance (SRI) N/A
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity 3.5-8 % IACS

Nickel was first isolated in 1751 (Axel Cronstedt, Sweden). Monel alloy was patented in 1906 by the International Nickel Company (INCO) and named after company president Ambrose Monell. Monel became one of the first commercially successful nickel alloys and was quickly adopted for architectural applications in the 1920s-1930s, particularly during the Art Deco period. Notable uses included roofing, cladding panels, and ornamental metalwork on American skyscrapers and public buildings. The roof of Pennsylvania Station, New York (original 1910, demolished 1963) was clad in Monel sheet. Nickel silver (German silver) was developed in early 19th century Germany as a silver substitute and became popular for architectural hardware and decorative metalwork from the 1920s-1950s, particularly for elevator doors, lobby panelling, and terrazzo divider strips in Art Deco buildings. Its use declined after the 1950s as stainless steel became more available and cost-effective. Today, nickel alloys in architecture are primarily specified for: (a) marine/coastal hardware where exceptional chloride resistance is required, (b) heritage restoration of Art Deco nickel silver and Monel elements, (c) high-specification fastening systems (Monel rivets, screws, anchors) for coastal buildings, and (d) nickel-plated finishes on brass and steel hardware. In Australia, Monel fasteners and hardware are used for waterfront and coastal construction, while nickel-plated finishes are standard offerings from most architectural hardware suppliers.

SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION MIN-MET-NF-012
Flame Spread Index 0
Smoke Developed Index 0
Combustibility Class A1 (Non-combustible)
Ignition Temperature N/A (non-combustible) degC
Fire Resistance Rating 60+ minutes
Heat Release Rate 0 kW/m2
Toxicity of Combustion Non-toxic (non-combustible)
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 6.5-12 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 120-200 MJ/kg
Water Footprint 80-200 L/kg
EPD Available No
Recycled Content 100%
Renewable Content 0%
LEED Points 0-1 points
Circular Economy Score 7.5 /10
VOC Emissions 0 ug/m3
Skill Level Standard Trade (install) / Specialist (fabrication)
Crew Size 1-2 persons
Installation Time 0.5-1.0 per door hours/m2
Curing Time 0 hours
Setting Time 0 hours
Temperature Range -10 to +50 degC
Humidity Range 0-100 %RH
Required Tools
Standard woodworking/metalworking tools for hardware installationFor Monel fabrication: carbide-tipped cutting tools (work-hardens rapidly)TIG welder with Monel filler rod (ERNiCu-7) for Monel weldingStainless steel or Monel fasteners (galvanic compatibility)
Certifications Required
Carpentry or locksmith trade qualification (hardware installation)TIG welding certification for nickel alloys (Monel fabrication/repair)No specialist certifications for nickel-plated hardware installation
Weather Limitations
No weather limitations for nickel alloy hardware installationMonel specifically suited for extreme weather/marine exposure
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY MIN-MET-NF-012
Material Cost Per piece - varies widely AUD/m2
Installation Cost Standard hardware rates AUD/m2
Annual Maintenance 0-5 per piece/year AUD/m2/year
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) N/A (per piece) AUD/m2
Market Availability Limited (Monel) / Good (nickel-plated hardware)
Lead Time 14-84 days
Supply & Logistics
AU Distributors
Specialty metals: Atlas Steels (national), Southern Cross MetalsMonel fasteners: Pacific Bolt (specialist marine/industrial fasteners)Nickel-plated hardware: Designer Doorware, Zanda, Keeler Hardware, Windsor Hardware (widely available)Nickel silver sheet: specialist order through non-ferrous metals distributors
Design Life 50-150+ years
Warranty Period 10-30 years
Maintenance Interval 1825-7300 days
Service Temp Range -200 to +600 degC
Freeze/Thaw Resistance Unlimited cycles
Dimensional Stability 1.39 mm/m
Certifications Held
ASTM B127 mill test certificates (Monel 400)AS 4145.1 - Door hardware mechanical testingISO 9001 quality management (major manufacturers)Green Star Materials credit eligible (recycled content)Nickel Institute sustainability data availableEU REACH nickel release limits (0.5 ug/cm2/week for prolonged skin contact articles)Safe Work Australia WES for nickel compounds (inhalation limits for fabrication)
Fire Code Compliance
NCC 2022 Specification C1.1 - Non-combustible materialAS 1530.1 - Combustibility test (passes — non-combustible)AS 4145.2 - Fire door hardware (nickel alloy hardware compliant)
Standards Compliance
NCC 2022 Volume 1 - Non-combustible material classificationAS 4145.2 - Fire door hardwareAS 1428.1 - Accessibility hardware requirementsASTM B127 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip (Monel 400)ASTM B164 - Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire (Monel)ASTM B122 - Standard Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver)ISO 9723 - Nickel and nickel alloy plate and sheetISO 6207 - Nickel and nickel alloy plate and sheet — TolerancesISO 14040/14044 - Life cycle assessmentEN 1906 - Building hardware - Lever handles and knob furnitureEN 12209 - Building hardware - Locks and latchesEN 1670 - Building hardware - Corrosion resistance (Grade 5 for marine)

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: MIN-MET-NF-012 Schema: v3.0