MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Bronze Cladding

Non-Ferrous Metals
mineral › Metallic › Non-Ferrous Metals
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ATLAS CODE
MIN-MET-NF-007
Bronze Cladding
Category mineral
Material Family Metallic
Regulatory Status A1 (Non-combustible)
Density
8530 kg/m3
Carbon (A1-A5)
3.5-5.0 kg CO2-eq/kg
Fire Class
A1 (Non-combustible)
Lifespan
100-200+ years
Description

Architectural bronze cladding encompasses copper-tin and copper-silicon alloys used for premium facade systems, spandrel panels, column covers, and decorative architectural elements. Silicon bronze (UNS C65500, ~96% Cu, 3% Si) is the preferred alloy for modern architectural cladding due to its superior corrosion resistance, excellent formability, and warm golden-brown patina development. Phosphor bronze (UNS C51000, ~95% Cu, 5% Sn) and aluminium bronze (UNS C63000, ~82% Cu, 10% Al) are used for specialised applications requiring higher strength or marine-grade corrosion resistance. Bronze cladding develops a distinctive warm brown patina that darkens over decades, distinct from copper's green verdigris, providing a living aesthetic that connects buildings to their temporal context. The material is non-combustible (Euroclass A1), fully recyclable, and offers exceptional longevity exceeding 100 years with minimal maintenance.

Typical Uses
  • Rainscreen facade cladding
  • Spandrel and column cladding
  • Monumental and heritage architecture
  • Interior feature elements
  • Perforated screening and sun shading
6002000mm
Standard Widths [600, 750, 1000, 1250] mm
Standard Lengths [2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 6000] mm
Dimensional Tol. ± [+/-0.05 (thickness)] mm
Weight [12.8 (at 1.5 mm)] kg/m2
Recycled Content 40-80
Renewable Content 0
Recyclability 100
Embodied Carbon 3.5-5.0 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 50-80 MJ/kg
EPD Available Yes
Advantages
Exceptional longevity exceeding 100-200 years with minimal maintenanceWarm distinctive patina develops naturally, creating living aestheticNon-combustible (Euroclass A1) - fully compliant with NCC fire requirements100% recyclable with high scrap value incentivising proper end-of-life recoverySuperior corrosion resistance in most atmospheric environmentsExcellent formability - can be cast, extruded, bent, welded, and machinedInherent antimicrobial properties (copper alloy effect)High strength-to-weight ratio compared to pure copperPrestigious aesthetic appropriate for landmark and institutional buildings
Cautions
Very high material and fabrication cost - premium tier pricingHeavy material requiring robust substrate and structural supportGalvanic corrosion risk when in contact with dissimilar metals (especially aluminium and zinc)Limited local supply in Australia - most sheet stock imported from Europe/USAPatina development varies with orientation and exposure, potentially uneven appearanceRequires specialist fabrication skills and equipmentSusceptible to fingerprinting and handling marks during installation
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES MIN-MET-NF-007
Density (Dry) 8530 kg/m3
Specific Gravity 8.53
Porosity 0 %
Water Absorption 0 %
Hardness 3-4 Mohs
Surface Roughness 0.8-3.2 um
UV Resistance Excellent
Chemical Resistance Good
pH Tolerance 5-12 pH
Available Colors
Natural bright bronze (golden-yellow, fresh mill finish)Light patina (warm brown, 1-3 years natural ageing)Medium patina (chocolate brown, 5-10 years natural ageing)Dark patina (deep brown-black, 15-25+ years natural ageing)Pre-patinated brown (chemically accelerated warm brown)Pre-patinated dark (chemically accelerated dark chocolate)Statuary bronze (chemically applied dark brown-black, traditional sculpture finish)Verde (chemically applied green patina, simulating aged copper - less common on silicon bronze)
Surface Finishes
Mirror polished (No. 8 finish equivalent, high reflectivity)Satin polished (No. 4 finish equivalent, soft lustre)Brushed (directional grain, 120-320 grit)Bead-blasted (uniform matte, glass bead media)Natural mill finish (as-rolled, slight lustre)Oil-rubbed (darkened highlights with warm undertones)Clear lacquered (preserves current appearance, requires recoating every 2-5 years)Chemically pre-patinated (liver of sulphur, ferric nitrate, or proprietary treatments)Waxed (carnauba or microcrystalline wax, enhances colour depth)
Texture Options
Mill finish (smooth, bright golden)Bead-blasted (uniform matte texture)Brushed/satin (directional grain, various grit levels)Hammered (hand or machine-hammered texture)Sand-cast texture (rough, organic surface from casting process)Linished (cross-hatched industrial texture)
Pattern Options
Perforated panels (round, square, custom patterns - 10-60% open area)Embossed/textured patterns (pressed relief, quilted, diamond)Woven bronze mesh (architectural wire cloth, various weave patterns)Cast relief panels (decorative sculptural elements)Etched patterns (chemical or laser etching for detailed graphics)
Compressive Strength 390-655 MPa
Tensile Strength 390-655 MPa
Flexural Strength 390-655 MPa
Shear Strength 240 MPa
Elastic Modulus 103 GPa
Yield Strength 145-483 MPa
Impact Resistance 40-80 J
Bearing Capacity N/A kPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.34
Creep Resistance Good
Abrasion Resistance Moderate-Good
Thermal Conductivity 36 W/mK
Thermal Resistance 0.00004 m2K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 380 J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 0.018 mm/m/degC
Melting Point 971-1025 degC
Ignition Temperature N/A (non-combustible) degC
Sound Transmission Class (STC) 28-32
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) 0.02
Optical
Light Transmittance 0 %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 35-50 %
Solar Reflectance (SRI) 25-60 SRI
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity 7 % IACS

Bronze (copper-tin alloy) is one of humanity's oldest engineered materials, giving its name to the Bronze Age (c. 3300-1200 BCE). Architectural use of bronze dates to ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, with monumental applications including the Colossus of Rhodes (c. 280 BCE) and Roman temple doors. The Renaissance saw exceptional bronze work by Ghiberti (Florence Baptistery doors, 1425-1452) and Donatello. Industrial-era bronze cladding emerged in the late 19th century with American skyscrapers, notably the Wainwright Building (1891) and later the Seagram Building (1958) with its iconic bronze I-beam mullions by Mies van der Rohe. Post-war developments introduced silicon bronze alloys (developed 1930s-1940s) that became the standard for architectural applications due to superior corrosion resistance and lower cost than tin bronze. Contemporary notable projects include the de Young Museum, San Francisco (2005, perforated copper-bronze panels by Herzog & de Meuron), One New Change, London (2010, bronze mesh by Jean Nouvel), and 56 Leonard Street, New York (2017, bronze-anodised aluminium by Herzog & de Meuron). In Australia, bronze cladding appears on premium commercial and institutional projects including heritage restoration work and contemporary mixed-use developments.

SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION MIN-MET-NF-007
Flame Spread Index 0
Smoke Developed Index 0
Combustibility Class A1 (Non-combustible)
Ignition Temperature N/A (non-combustible) degC
Fire Resistance Rating 60+ minutes
Heat Release Rate 0 kW/m2
Toxicity of Combustion Non-toxic (non-combustible)
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 3.5-5.0 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 50-80 MJ/kg
Water Footprint 60-150 L/kg
EPD Available Yes
Recycled Content 100%
Renewable Content 0%
LEED Points 2-4 points
Circular Economy Score 9.5 /10
VOC Emissions 0 ug/m3
Skill Level Specialist
Crew Size 3-4 persons
Installation Time 0.5-1.5 hours/m2
Curing Time 0 hours
Setting Time 0 hours
Temperature Range -10 to +50 degC
Humidity Range 0-100 %RH
Required Tools
Bronze-specific shears and nibblers (avoid cross-contamination with steel)TIG welder with silicon bronze filler rod (ERCuSi-A)Stainless steel or bronze fasteners (prevent galvanic corrosion)Non-marring clamps and handling equipment (soft jaws)Panel brake/folder rated for copper alloysDeburring tools and filesStainless steel wire brushes (no steel brushes - iron contamination causes staining)Rivet gun with bronze/Monel rivets
Certifications Required
Trade qualification in sheet metal work or facade installationTIG welding certification for copper alloys (AS/NZS 1554 or equivalent)Working at heights certification (Australian WHS requirements)EWP (Elevated Work Platform) licence if applicableSite-specific safety induction
Weather Limitations
Avoid installation during rain - water entrapment behind panels and slippery handlingHigh wind conditions (>40 km/h) limit panel handling due to weight and wind sail effectNo temperature limitations for material - bronze workable at all Australian ambient temperatures
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY MIN-MET-NF-007
Material Cost 700-2500 AUD/m2
Installation Cost 400-1500 AUD/m2
Annual Maintenance 0.50-2.00 AUD/m2/year
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) 1150-3500 AUD/m2
Market Availability Limited
Lead Time 84-196 days
Supply & Logistics
AU Distributors
Metal Cladding Systems (Melbourne/Sydney) - specialist facade suppliersAtlas Steels (national) - copper alloy sheet and plateIndependent Metals Group (Melbourne) - non-ferrous metalsSouthern Cross Metals (national) - specialty copper alloys
Design Life 100-200+ years
Warranty Period 25-40 years
Maintenance Interval 1825-3650 days
Service Temp Range -200 to +300 degC
Freeze/Thaw Resistance Unlimited cycles
Dimensional Stability 1.8 mm/m
Certifications Held
ASTM B97/B98 material certification (mill test certificates)ISO 9001 quality management (major mills: Aurubis, KME, Wieland)Material test reports: chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerancesEPD available for copper/bronze products (Copper Alliance, individual manufacturers)Green Star Materials credit eligible (recycled content, EPD disclosure)LEED v4.1 MRc3/MRc4 eligibleCradle to Cradle Bronze/Silver level certification (some manufacturers)Living Building Challenge Red List Free (copper alloys not on Red List)EPA registered antimicrobial surface (copper alloys with >60% Cu)No hazardous substance restrictions for solid bronze in building applicationsSafe Work Australia WHS compliant (standard metalworking PPE for fabrication)
Fire Code Compliance
NCC 2022 Specification C1.1 - Non-combustible material (solid bronze passes AS 1530.1)AS 1530.1 - Methods for fire tests on building materials - Combustibility testAS 5113 - Fire propagation testing and classification of external walls - compliantBS EN 13501-1 - Euroclass A1 (non-combustible)
Standards Compliance
NCC 2022 Volume 1 - Type A and B construction (non-combustible)NCC 2022 Section C - Fire resistance (non-combustible cladding)NCC 2022 Section J - Energy efficiency (thermal break requirements for metal cladding)AS 4284 - Testing of building facades (weathertightness testing for panel systems)ASTM B97 - Standard Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarASTM B98 - Standard Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Rod, Bar, and ShapesASTM B103 - Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarASTM B150 - Standard Specification for Aluminium Bronze Rod, Bar, and ShapesISO 1337 - Copper alloys - Terms and definitionsISO 197 - Copper and copper alloys - DesignationsISO 14040/14044 - Environmental management - Life cycle assessmentEN 1652 - Copper and copper alloys - Plate, sheet, strip and circles for general purposesEN 1654 - Copper and copper alloys - Strip for springs and connectorsEN 13501-1 - Fire classification of construction products (A1 non-combustible)EN 1172 - Copper and copper alloys - Sheet and strip for building purposes

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: MIN-MET-NF-007 Schema: v3.0