MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Glass Panel - Structural

Glass Products
mineral › Glass › Glass Products
mineralglassstructuralcurtain-wallfacadetemperedtoughenedlaminatedIGUsafety-glassnon-combustiblefire-rateddaylightinglow-Esolar-controlacoustichigh-performance
ATLAS CODE
MIN-GLA-PRO-006
Glass Panel - Structural
Category mineral
Material Family Glass
Regulatory Status A1 (glass), A2 (laminated)
Density
2400-2520 kg/m3
Carbon (A1-A5)
0.55-1.20 kg CO2-eq/kg
Fire Class
A1 (glass), A2 (laminated)
Lifespan
40-60+ years
Description

Structural glazing panels are high-performance glass elements used in curtain wall facades, structural glazing systems, and point-fixed applications where glass serves as the primary weather barrier and architectural surface. These panels are manufactured from soda-lime silicate float glass that is heat-treated (toughened/tempered or heat-strengthened) and/or laminated to achieve the required safety, structural, and fire performance characteristics. Standard configurations include single-glazed toughened, laminated safety glass (two or more plies bonded with PVB or SGP interlayer), and insulating glass units (IGUs) combining two or more panes with sealed air or argon-filled cavities for thermal performance. In Australian construction, structural glass panels must comply with AS 1288 Glass in buildings - Selection and installation, and are commonly used in commercial curtain walls, shopfronts, balustrades, canopies, and point-fixed facades. NCC 2022 amendments have significantly tightened fire performance requirements, with fire-rated glazing now requiring FRL -/120/120 in many commercial applications. Glass is classified as non-combustible under the NCC.

Primary Sectors
[Commercial]
Typical Uses
  • Commercial curtain wall facades
  • Structural glazing systems
  • High-performance windows
  • Glass balustrades and barriers
  • Fire-rated glazing
Recycled Content 15-50
Renewable Content 0
Recyclability 30-100
Embodied Carbon 0.55-1.20 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 15-25 MJ/kg
EPD Available Yes
Advantages
Maximum natural daylighting and visual transparencyExcellent compressive strength (>1000 MPa) and stiffness (70 GPa)Non-combustible material classification under NCCWide range of performance coatings (low-E, solar control, self-cleaning)IGU configurations achieve good thermal performance (U-value 1.1-2.8 W/m2K)Laminated glass provides acoustic performance up to STC 45+Durable and low-maintenance surface (50-100+ year lifespan)Design flexibility with clear, tinted, patterned, printed, and smart glass options
Cautions
High embodied carbon from energy-intensive manufacturing (~1500 degC melting)Poor thermal performance as single glazing requiring IGU systems for complianceBrittle failure mode - toughened glass fragments, laminated retains but cracksHigh installed cost for structural glazing systems ($300-750+/m2)Solar heat gain requires careful management (coatings, shading, orientation)Heavy for large panels - 2.5 kg/m2 per mm thicknessFire-rated glazing significantly more expensive than standardAluminium framing contributes substantial additional embodied carbon
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES MIN-GLA-PRO-006
Density (Dry) 2400-2520 kg/m3
Specific Gravity 2.4-2.52
Porosity 0 %
Water Absorption 0 %
Hardness 5.5-6.5 Mohs
Surface Roughness 0.1-1.0 um
UV Resistance Moderate (standard) to Excellent (laminated/low-E)
Chemical Resistance Excellent
pH Tolerance 1-12 pH
Available Colors
Clear/transparentGrey/smoke (neutral tint)Bronze (warm tint)Green (standard or low-iron)Blue (light to deep)Back-painted (any RAL/custom colour)Reflective coatings (silver, gold, blue, green)
Surface Finishes
Clear float (standard smooth)Low-E coated (energy performance, slight tint)Solar control coated (reflective or selective)Self-cleaning coated (TiO2 photocatalytic)Anti-reflective coated (<1% reflection)Electrochromic/smart glass (variable tint)
Texture Options
Fire-polished smooth (standard float)Acid-etched (matte/satin)Sandblasted (frosted)Textured/patterned (rolled)Back-painted (opaque colour)
Pattern Options
Clear (maximum transparency)Low-iron/ultra-clear (reduced green tint)Fritted/screen-printed (dots, lines, patterns, images)Digital ceramic printing (custom graphics)Acid-etched/sandblasted (translucent privacy)Textured/patterned (rolled patterns)
Compressive Strength >1000 MPa
Tensile Strength 45-150 MPa
Flexural Strength 7-28 MPa
Shear Strength 15-30 MPa
Elastic Modulus 70-72 GPa
Yield Strength N/A MPa
Impact Resistance Moderate-High J
Bearing Capacity N/A kPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.22
Creep Resistance Excellent (glass), Moderate (PVB interlayer)
Abrasion Resistance Excellent
Thermal Conductivity 1.0-1.05 W/mK
Thermal Resistance 0.17-1.25 m2K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 800-840 J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 0.008-0.009 mm/m/degC
Melting Point 700-1000 degC
Ignition Temperature N/A - non-combustible degC
Sound Transmission Class (STC) 27-45
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) 0.02-0.05
Weighted Sound Reduction (Rw) 30-45 dB
Optical
Light Transmittance 40-91 %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 8-40 %
Solar Reflectance (SRI) 10-50
SHGC 0.20-0.86
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity Insulating S/m

Structural use of glass in building facades evolved from the Crystal Palace (1851) through early curtain walls in the 1920s-30s (Bauhaus, Lever House 1952) to the fully glazed skyscraper facades of today. The float glass process invented by Alastair Pilkington in 1959 revolutionised glass manufacturing, enabling large, optically flat panels at scale. Toughened/tempered glass became commercially available in the 1960s, and laminated safety glass (originally developed for automotive use) was adopted for building applications in the 1970s. Low-emissivity (low-E) coatings developed in the 1980s dramatically improved IGU thermal performance. Structural silicone glazing (SSG) systems emerged in the 1980s, enabling frameless glass facades. Point-fixed glazing systems (spider fittings) developed in the 1990s further expanded design possibilities. In Australia, AS 1288 was first published in 1973 and has been progressively updated, with the 2021 edition incorporating current safety and performance requirements. The NCC 2022 amendments significantly tightened fire performance requirements for glazed facades following international high-rise fire incidents. Current innovations include electrochromic (smart) glass, vacuum-insulated glazing, and ultra-low-carbon glass manufacturing processes.

SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION MIN-GLA-PRO-006
Flame Spread Index 0
Smoke Developed Index 0-50
Combustibility Class A1 (glass), A2 (laminated)
Ignition Temperature N/A - non-combustible degC
Fire Resistance Rating 0-120 minutes
Heat Release Rate 0 kW/m2
Toxicity of Combustion Very Low
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 0.55-1.20 kg CO2-eq/kg
Embodied Energy 15-25 MJ/kg
Water Footprint 5-15 L/kg
EPD Available Yes
Recycled Content 100%
Renewable Content 0%
LEED Points 3-8 points
Circular Economy Score 4.5 /10
VOC Emissions 0-5 ug/m3
VOC Content 0 g/L
Skill Level High (specialist glazier)
Crew Size 2-6 persons
Installation Time 0.5-4.0 hours/m2
Curing Time 24-504 hours
Setting Time 0-24 hours
Temperature Range 5-40 degC
Humidity Range 30-80 %RH
Required Tools
Glass suction lifters/vacuum cupsCrane or hoist for large/heavy panelsGlazing packers and setting blocksStructural silicone sealant and applicator gunsGlazing gaskets and compression sealsSpirit level and laser alignment toolsSafety equipment (harnesses, edge protection for height work)Diamond cutting/grinding tools for glass modification
Certifications Required
AS 1288:2021 Glass in buildings - Selection and installation complianceAS/NZS 4284 Testing of building facadesGlazing trade certificate/licenceWorking at heights certification for facade installationStructural silicone manufacturer certification (for SSG systems)Fire-rated glazing systems: installation per manufacturer specifications
Weather Limitations
Structural silicone application: no rain, 5-40 degC, <80% RHHigh wind conditions: suspend crane lifts (typically >40 km/h)Avoid handling glass in extreme cold (increased brittleness risk)Protect exposed gaskets from UV degradation before installation complete
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY MIN-GLA-PRO-006
Material Cost 38-500 AUD/m2
Installation Cost 300-750 AUD/m2
Annual Maintenance 5-25 AUD/m2/year
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) 400-1200 AUD/m2
Market Availability Excellent
Lead Time 5-60 days
Supply & Logistics
Shelf Life 6-12 (IGU), indefinite (glass) months
Design Life 40-60+ years
Warranty Period 10-20 years
Maintenance Interval 1-10 years
Service Temp Range -40 to 300 degC
Freeze/Thaw Resistance Unlimited cycles
Dimensional Stability 0.08-0.09 mm/m
Certifications Held
AS 1288:2021 Glass in buildings - Selection and installationAS/NZS 2208 Safety glazing materials in buildingsAS/NZS 4666 Insulating glass unitsAS/NZS 4284 Testing of building facadesCE marking for European-manufactured productsEPDs available from major manufacturers (Vitro, Saint-Gobain, AGC, Pilkington)Green Star credits for energy performance, daylighting, recycled contentNABERS energy rating contribution through facade thermal performanceWELL Building Standard v2 - Light and Air featuresNo hazardous substances in glass per REACHLow-VOC certification available for complete systems
Fire Code Compliance
Glass regarded as non-combustible under NCCNCC 2022 Section C: fire-rated glazing requires FRL -/120/120 for many commercial applicationsFire-rated products: Pilkington Pyranova (30-120 min), Schott Pyran (30-120 min)AS 1530.4 fire resistance testing applicableNCC Specification C1.1 and C3.4 (fire doors/windows)Curtain walls must be non-combustible; spandrel areas may require fire rating
Standards Compliance
AS 1288:2021 Glass in buildings - mandatory standard for all glazing in AustraliaAS/NZS 2208 Safety glazing materials - human impact safety grades A and BAS/NZS 4284 Testing of building facades - air, water, structural performanceNCC Volume 1 Section J - Energy efficiency (U-value, SHGC requirements)NCC Volume 1 Section C - Fire resistance requirementsNCC Volume 1 Part F7 - Sound insulation (Rw + Ctr)AS 1170.2 Wind actions - design wind loads for glass selectionASTM C1036 Standard Specification for Flat GlassASTM E2190 Standard Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and EvaluationUL 9 Standard for Fire Tests of Window AssembliesISO 717-1 Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation (Rw)ISO 12543 Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glassEN 572 Glass in building - Basic soda lime silicate glass productsEN 12150 Glass in building - Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glassEN 14449 Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glassEN 1279 Glass in building - Insulating glass unitsEN 410 Glass in building - Luminous and solar characteristicsEN 673 Glass in building - Thermal transmittance (U-value)EN 13501-1 Fire classification of construction products

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: MIN-GLA-PRO-006 Schema: v3.0