MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Float glass, clear or tinted (3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 19mm)

Float Glass
mineral › Glass › Float Glass
mineralglassfloat-glassglazingtransparentarchitecturalAS1288building-envelope
ATLAS CODE
MIN-GLA-FLT-001
Float glass, clear or tinted (3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 19mm)
Category mineral
Material Family Glass
Regulatory Status Non-combustible to AS 1530.1
Density
2500 kg/m³ kg/m³
Carbon (A1-A5)
9.5-11.5 kg CO₂e/m² (4mm) kgCO₂e
Fire Class
Non-combustible to AS 1530.1
Lifespan
25-50+ years yrs
Description

Float glass is the most common type of glass used in construction, manufactured through the Pilkington process where molten glass floats on a bath of molten tin. This process creates glass with uniform thickness, flat parallel surfaces, and excellent optical clarity. Available in clear and various tinted options (grey, bronze, green, blue), float glass serves as the base material for most processed glass products including toughened, laminated, and insulated glass units. Australian applications must comply with AS 1288:2021 for selection and installation.

Primary Sectors
[Residential][Commercial][Industrial]
Typical Uses
  • Windows and doors in residential and commercial buildings
  • Shopfronts and display windows
  • Interior partitions and office fit-outs
  • Furniture tops and shelving
  • Mirror manufacturing substrate
  • Greenhouse and horticultural glazing
  • Picture framing
  • Base material for processed glass products
  • Balustrade infill panels (when laminated/toughened)
  • Skylights and overhead glazing (when laminated)
  • Double and triple glazed IGU components
  • Solar panel cover glass substrate
Recycled Content 15-35% (typical cullet content)
Renewable Content 0%
Recyclability 100%
Embodied Carbon 9.5-11.5 kg CO₂e/m² (4mm) kgCO₂e
Embodied Energy 150-200 MJ/m² MJ/kg
EPD Available Yes
Advantages
Excellent optical clarity and transparencySmooth, flat surfaces ideal for coating applicationsCost-effective compared to specialty glassesReadily available in multiple thicknessesCan be cut, drilled, and edge-worked on-site100% recyclable materialChemically inert and hygienic surfaceUV transmittance for daylighting applicationsLong service life with minimal maintenanceWide range of tinted options availableEstablished supply chain throughout Australia
Cautions
Breaks into dangerous sharp shardsNot suitable for safety-critical applications without processingLimited thermal insulation as single glazingModerate acoustic performanceSusceptible to thermal stress breakageCannot be cut or modified after temperingVisible greenish tint in thicker sectionsSurface prone to scratching during handlingHigh thermal conductivity increases energy costsRequires careful handling and storageNot suitable for cyclonic regions without upgrading
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES MIN-GLA-FLT-001
Density (Dry) 2500 kg/m³ kg/m³
Specific Gravity 2.5
Porosity 0% %
Water Absorption 0% %
Hardness 5.5-6.5 Mohs scale
Surface Roughness Ra < 0.001 μm μm
UV Resistance Transmits 20-70% UV depending on thickness
Chemical Resistance Excellent (except hydrofluoric acid)
pH Tolerance Stable pH 3-11
Compressive Strength 800-1000 MPa MPa
Tensile Strength 30-45 MPa (annealed) MPa
Flexural Strength 35-45 MPa MPa
Shear Strength 17-25 MPa MPa
Elastic Modulus 70-73 GPa GPa
Yield Strength Not applicable (brittle material) MPa
Impact Resistance Non-impact rated (requires tempering) J/m
Bearing Capacity Dependent on support conditions kN/m²
Poisson's Ratio 0.22-0.23
Creep Resistance Excellent (no creep at room temperature)
Abrasion Resistance Good (5.5-6.5 Mohs)
Thermal Conductivity 0.96-1.05 W/mK W/mK
Thermal Resistance 0.16-0.17 m²K/W (6mm) m²K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 720-840 J/kgK J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 8.5-9.0 × 10⁻⁶ /°C μm/m·K
Melting Point 1200-1500°C (softening ~600°C) °C
Ignition Temperature Not applicable (non-combustible) °C
Sound Transmission Class (STC) 26-31 (thickness dependent)
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) 0.03-0.05
Optical
Light Transmittance 87-91% (clear, 3-6mm) %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 8-10% %

Float glass was invented by Sir Alastair Pilkington in 1952, revolutionising glass manufacturing. The process was first commercialised in 1959 and became the worldwide standard by the 1960s, replacing earlier plate glass methods. In Australia, float glass production began at Dandenong, Victoria in 1974 by ACI (now CSR Viridian). The technology enabled consistent quality, reduced costs, and larger sheet sizes, transforming architectural design possibilities. Today, over 90% of flat glass globally is manufactured using the float process, with continuous improvements in energy efficiency, coatings, and environmental performance.

SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION MIN-GLA-FLT-001
Flame Spread Index 0 (non-combustible)
Smoke Developed Index 0
Combustibility Class Non-combustible to AS 1530.1
Ignition Temperature Not applicable (non-combustible) °C
Fire Resistance Rating Non-rated (requires special treatment) hours
Heat Release Rate 0 kW/m² kW/m²
Toxicity of Combustion None (inert material)
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 9.5-11.5 kg CO₂e/m² (4mm) kgCO₂e/kg
Embodied Energy 150-200 MJ/m² MJ/kg
Water Footprint 600-800 L/m² L/kg
EPD Available Yes
Recycled Content 100%
Renewable Content 0%
LEED Points MR Credit: 1-2 points possible
Circular Economy Score High (infinitely recyclable) /100
VOC Emissions Zero emissions g/L
Skill Level Licensed glazier for structural applications
Crew Size 2-3 persons for sheets >2m²
Installation Time 0.5-2 hours per m² hr/m²
Curing Time 24 hours (silicone glazing compounds) hours
Setting Time 2-4 hours (putty glazing) min
Temperature Range 5-35°C installation temperature °C
Humidity Range 20-80% RH for sealant application %
Required Tools
Glass cutter or cutting tableRunning pliersSuction cups (for larger sheets)Glazing tools and putty knifeSpirit levelMeasuring tapeSafety equipment (gloves, safety glasses)Setting blocks and spacers
Certifications Required
Glass and Glazing Trade CertificateAS 1288:2021 competencyWhite Card (construction induction)Working at Heights (if applicable)
Weather Limitations
Avoid installation in high winds (>40 km/h)Not during active precipitationProtect from thermal shock during installation
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY MIN-GLA-FLT-001
Material Cost $38-95/m² (clear, thickness dependent)
Installation Cost $150-350/m² (including labour)
Annual Maintenance $5-15/m² (cleaning)
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) $500-800/m² (30 years)
Market Availability Readily available nationwide
Lead Time 1-3 days (standard), 2-4 weeks (custom) weeks
Design Life 25-50+ years years
Warranty Period 5-10 years typical years
Maintenance Interval Annual cleaning, 5-year seal inspection months
Service Temp Range -50°C to +100°C continuous °C
Freeze/Thaw Resistance Excellent (non-porous)
Dimensional Stability Excellent (minimal thermal movement)
Certifications Held
AS 2208 (safety glass certification)AS 1288:2021 (selection and installation)AS/NZS 4666 (insulated glass units)EPD available (major manufacturers)Green Star compliantLEED contribution eligibleZero VOC emissionsFood safe surfaceWELL Building Standard compatible
Fire Code Compliance
AS 1530.1 (non-combustibility)Deemed-to-Satisfy provisions NCC
Standards Compliance
NCC 2022 Section J (energy efficiency)NCC Part 3.6 (glazing)BCA Class 1-9 buildingsASTM C1036 (flat glass specification)ASTM C1048 (heat-treated glass)ASTM E1300 (glass load resistance)ISO 12543 (laminated glass)ISO 12540 (safety glazing)ISO 14025 (EPD requirements)EN 572 (basic soda lime silicate glass)EN 12150 (thermally toughened glass)EN 14449 (laminated glass)

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: MIN-GLA-FLT-001 Schema: v3.0