MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Shotcrete/Sprayed Concrete, architectural finish (25mm, 40mm, 50mm over substrate)

Cast Concrete
mineral › Cementitious › Cast Concrete
mineralcementitiousshotcretesprayed-concretestructuralfire-resistantaustralian-standardwet-mixdry-mixpneumatic-application
ATLAS CODE
MIN-CEM-CC-011
Shotcrete/Sprayed Concrete, architectural finish (25mm, 40mm, 50mm over substrate)
Category mineral
Material Family Cementitious
Regulatory Status Non-combustible
Density
2500 kg/m3
Carbon (A1-A5)
106.7 kgCO₂e
Fire Class
Non-combustible
Lifespan
50-100 years yrs
Description

Architectural shotcrete is sprayed concrete with a controlled surface finish for visually exposed applications. It uses similar mixes to structural shotcrete but focuses on surface texture and uniformity.

Primary Sectors
[Transport & Infrastructure]
Typical Uses
  • Slope stabilisation and rock face protection
  • Tunnel linings and underground mining support
  • Retaining walls and basement construction
  • Swimming pool construction (AS 2783)
  • Bridge abutments and infrastructure repair
  • Structural retrofitting and rehabilitation
  • Architectural features and complex geometries
  • Marine structures and seawalls
  • Fire protection overlays
  • Shotcrete sculpting and theming
Recycled Content 15
Renewable Content 0
Recyclability 95
Embodied Carbon 106.7 kgCO₂e
Embodied Energy 523 MJ/kg
EPD Available Yes
Advantages
No formwork required - significant cost savingsExcellent bond with substrate surfacesSuitable for vertical and overhead applicationsRapid application in confined spacesHigh strength and durability (32-68 MPa)Adaptable to complex geometriesLower labour requirements than cast concreteImmediate structural capacityNon-combustible with high fire ratingsTermite resistant
Cautions
Rebound material waste (15-30% dry-mix, 5-10% wet-mix)Requires skilled certified operators (AQF Level 3)Dust generation during applicationWeather-dependent applicationLimited to suitable aggregate sizes (10mm max)Higher cement content than cast concretePotential for poor surface finish if untreatedAcoustic reflectance (NRC 0.05)Initial cost higher than cast concreteQuality highly operator-dependent
CLAD MATERIALS ATLAS PAGE 1 OF 4
TECHNICAL DATA: PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES MIN-CEM-CC-011
Density (Dry) 2500 kg/m3
Specific Gravity 2.4
Porosity 14.87 %
Water Absorption 6.75 %
Hardness 7
Surface Roughness 3.5 μm
UV Resistance Excellent
Chemical Resistance Moderate
pH Tolerance 4.5-12.5
Compressive Strength 20-48 MPa
Tensile Strength 2.2-4.1 MPa
Flexural Strength 6 MPa
Shear Strength 1.2 MPa
Elastic Modulus 30-37 GPa
Impact Resistance High J/m
Bearing Capacity 35 kN/m²
Poisson's Ratio 0.18
Creep Resistance Moderate
Abrasion Resistance Good
Thermal Conductivity 1.75 W/mK
Thermal Resistance 0.029 m²K/W
Specific Heat Capacity 1000 J/kgK
Thermal Expansion 11 μm/m·K
Sound Transmission Class (STC) 30
Noise Reduction Coeff. (NRC) 0.05
Optical
Light Transmittance 0 %
Light Reflectance (LRV) 35 %
Solar Reflectance (SRI) 35

Shotcrete developed in 1907 by Carl Akeley for taxidermy, adopted for construction 1911. Australian use began 1960s for mining, expanding to civil infrastructure 1970s. Modern wet-mix technology introduced 1980s, becoming standard practice. Australian Shotcrete Society established to maintain quality standards and certification programs. Current annual usage exceeds 800,000m³ across mining, civil, and architectural applications nationwide.

CLAD MATERIALS ATLAS PAGE 2 OF 4
SAFETY, ECOLOGY & INSTALLATION MIN-CEM-CC-011
Flame Spread Index 0
Smoke Developed Index 0
Combustibility Class Non-combustible
Fire Resistance Rating 120/120/120 hours
Heat Release Rate 0 kW/m²
Toxicity of Combustion None
Embodied Carbon (A1-A3) 106.7 kgCO₂e/kg
Embodied Energy 523 MJ/kg
Water Footprint 165 L/kg
EPD Available Yes
Recycled Content 15%
Renewable Content 0%
LEED Points 3
Circular Economy Score 7.5 /100
VOC Emissions Negligible g/L
Skill Level Certified nozzleman AQF Level 3
Crew Size 4
Installation Time 50-500m²/day hr/m²
Curing Time 28 days full strength hours
Setting Time 5 hours initial set min
Temperature Range 5-35°C application °C
Humidity Range 40-90% RH %
Required Tools
Concrete pump (wet-mix)Compressor 600cfm min (dry-mix)Delivery hose and nozzlePPE including respiratorsTest panel framesThickness gauges
Certifications Required
Australian Shotcrete Society certificationAQF Level 3 minimum
Weather Limitations
No application below 5°CNo application above 35°CProtect from rain 24 hours
CLAD MATERIALS ATLAS PAGE 3 OF 4
COMMERCIAL, LOGISTICS & REGULATORY MIN-CEM-CC-011
Material Cost 110-340
Installation Cost 70-120
Annual Maintenance 5
Lifecycle Cost (50yr) 450
Market Availability Readily available
Lead Time 2-14 days weeks
Design Life 50-100 years years
Warranty Period 2-10 years years
Maintenance Interval Annual inspection months
Service Temp Range -30 to +70°C °C
Freeze/Thaw Resistance 300+ cycles with air entrainment
Dimensional Stability Shrinkage <0.05%

DISCLAIMER: This specification document is generated from the CLAD Materials Atlas Database. Information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional engineering advice. Values are typical and may vary by batch, manufacturer, and production run. Verify suitability for specific project applications independently.

ID: MIN-CEM-CC-011 Schema: v3.0
CLAD MATERIALS ATLAS PAGE 4 OF 4